Note that personal communications are not included in the reference list.
Paraphrase:
(Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)
Direct quotation:
(Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)
In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
When JNI lecturer D. Dobbs (personal communication, February 2, 2013) highlighted the issues on human development, it became clear that not only ….
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(D. Dobbs, personal communication, February 2, 2013) stated: “Gestalt is a form of therapy that…”
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Note that personal communications are not included in the reference list.
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(Sender First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)
In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-Text Citation (Quotation): An email (S. Johnson, personal communication, August 12, 2020) confirmed . . .
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Note that personal communications are not included in the reference list. |
(Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)
In text example |
Reference list example |
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In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
The company’s CEO confirmed during an interview that . . . (C. Castillo, personal communication, May 11, 2019).
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
During an interview, CEO Christian Castillo stated that “profits have . . .” (personal communication, May 11, 2019).
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Note that personal communications are not included in the reference list.
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